In this modulator , coplanar strips ( cps ) are used as electrodes for they support balance mode propagation of microwave , and this is a desired merit for common optical modulator . due to the miniaturized dimensions , the metallization thickness is in the order of skin depth and the conductor losses are not negligible 雖然由于金屬的趨膚效應(yīng),電場將集中在金屬表面,但在40g以上的頻率條件下,金屬的厚度和趨膚深度在一個量級,而且此時調(diào)制器帶寬受到限制的最大根源來源于金屬電極的微波損耗。
In 1992 , a . enders and g . . nimtz researched the propagation of microwave signal through several different cutoff waveguides with hp8510b network analyzer ( na ) system and hp70820 transition analyzer ( ta ) system . since 1990s , emig , martin and landauer have been investigating the propagation of electromagnetic pulse through a waveguide with piecewise different dielectric constants 1992年,德國科隆大學的enders和nimtz采用hp8510b網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析儀系統(tǒng)和hp70820轉(zhuǎn)換分析儀系統(tǒng)研究了不同結(jié)構(gòu)的截止波導中的信號傳播,并計算出調(diào)制音樂穿過截止波導的時間小于其在真空中的傳播時間。
In 1992 , a . enders and g . nimtz researched the propagation of microwave signal through several different cutoff waveguides with hp8510b network analyzer ( na ) system and hp70820 transition analyzer ( ta ) system . since 1990s , emig , martin and landauer have been investigating the propagation of electromagnetic pulse through a waveguide with piecewise different dielectric constants 1992年,德國科隆大學的enders和nimtz采用hp8510b網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析儀系統(tǒng)和hp70820轉(zhuǎn)換分析儀系統(tǒng)研究了不同結(jié)構(gòu)的截止波導中的信號傳播。從90年代開始, emig和martin 、 landauer等人研究了分段填充不同介質(zhì)的波導中的電磁脈沖波的傳播。